Education
| 1965 - 1969 | Rutgers University Bachelor of Arts (Russian Studies) |
| 1969 - 1971 | Columbia University Master of Arts (History) (1973) |
| 1972 - 1973 | Columbia University Master of Science (Library Science) |
| 1974 - 1978 | Columbia University Certificate in Advanced Librarianship Doctoral Candidate (Library Science) |