CUL - Main Content

***Online News (See below)

• Academy for Peace and Development = Akaademiga Nabadda iyo Horumarka (Hargeisa, "Somaliland")
  The web site --in English-- features information about programs, press releases, and full-length reports (PDF format) on activities and issues. "Established in 1999 as a research institute in collaboration with the War-torn Societies Project (WSP) International (now Interpeace). Since inception, APD activities have focused on peace building using Participatory Action Research (PAR) methodology."
• African Development Bank on Somalia (Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire)
  Basic economic indicators and links to other "country operations" reports.
• African Studies Association of the United States (Piscataway, New Jersey)
  "Scholarship, Politics and the Fate of the Somali People." By Prof. Abdi Samatar (University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA) ASA Presidential Lecture, November 2013
• African Union Transition Mission in Somalia, April 2022-- (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Mogadishu, Somalia)
  • AU Mission in Somalia (AMISOM), 2006-2022
  • AU Peace and Security: all press releases and documents
  • Report on the Ten-Year AMISOM Lessons Learned Conference, March 9-10, 2017, Nairobi, Kenya
• Amnesty International on Somalia, 2007-- (New York and Washington, DC)
  --See especially: The Hidden US War in Somalia: Civilian Casualties from Air Strikes in Lower Shabelle. (March 2019)
  72 pages in PDF format
• "Black Hawk Down: A Story of Modern War" by Mark Bowden (2000). From the original series in The Philadelphia Inquirer (Online).
  Reporting on October 1993 incident involving US troops in Mogadishu, Somalia, later published as a book.
• Center for Strategic & International Studies on Somalia (Washington, DC)
  • CSIS reports by Matt Bryden: "The reinvention of al-Shabaab: a strategy of choice or necessity?" February 21, 2014 ; "Somalia redux?: assessing the new Somalia federal government," August 19, 2013
    
  • CSIS Event: "Regional Implications of the Conflict in Somalia," January 24, 2012 Audio recording
  • CSIS Statesmen's Forum: Sheikh Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, President of Somalia's Transitional Federal Government, September 30, 2009 Video recording
  • CSIS on Africa (General)
  
  
• Central Bank of Somalia (Mogadishu, Somalia)
  
  
• Chatham House "Horn of Africa Group" Research Project (London, UK)
  • Resources include recent meeting briefs and audio recordings of events; plus full-length reports.
  • "Understanding US Policy in Somalia: Current Challenges and Future Options, " July 14, 2020. By Paul Williams.
    
• Conciliation Resources Occasional Papers on Somalia & "Somaliland" (London)
  • "The series incorporates staff papers [or briefings] developed as part of programme activity and think pieces written for outside conferences and publications. A linking theme is a focus on community-based responses to conflict."
  • "Whose peace is it anyway? Connecting Somali and international peacemaking," 2010
    Accord: an international review of peace initiatives. (Online); no. 21. Edited by Mark Bradbury and Sally Healy.
  • Peace-making initiative in Somaliland, April 1995-January 1997 PDF format
  • Conciliation Resources Home Page
  
  
• Provisional Constitution of the Federal Republic of Somalia (2012) --via University of Minnesota, Human Rights Library, Minneapolis
  --See also: 2012 Constitution, via ACE Electoral Knowledge Network
  --Plus: Federal Republic of Somalia below
  
  
• Constitutionet: Constitutional History of Somalia (August 2018) (International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, The Hague, The Netherlands)
  
  
• Council on Foreign Relations on Somalia and Horn of Africa: Backgrounders, blog posts, and reports (2006 to present) (Washington, DC)
  • Backgrounder on "Al-Shabab" (May 2021)
  • "Somaliland: The Horn of Africa's Breakaway State." (February 2018)
• "Les défis politiques et stratégiques en Somalie": actes d'un colloque organisé à Paris les 5 et 6 avril 2011 Les Cahiers de l'IRSEM, no. 13 (2012) -- Paris: Institut de recherche stratégique de l'École militaire, 2012.
  272 pages en format PDF
• DIASPEACE Working Papers : Diasporas for Peace: Patterns, Trends and Potential of Long-Distance Diaspora Involvement in Conflict Settings Case Studies from the Horn of Africa. (University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland)
  • "...a multi-disciplinary research project that seeks to generate evidence-based and policy-relevant knowledge about the ways in which diasporas play into the dynamics of conflict and peace in their countries of origin."
  • "Somaliland's investment in peace: analysing the diaspora's economic engagement in peace building." (August 2010) By Mohamed Hassan Ibrahim. DIASPEACE working papers; no. 4. -- Jyväskylä, Finland: University of Jyväskylä, 2010. 59 pages in PDF format
  • Diasporic engagement in the educational sector in post-conflict Somaliland: a contribution to peacebuilding? (August 2010) By Markus Virgil Hoehne. DIASPEACE working papers; no. 5. -- Jyväskylä, Finland: University of Jyväskylä, 2010. 67 pages in PDF format
  • Diasporas and the role in the homeland conflicts and peacebuilding: the case of Somali diaspora. (November 2010) By Mahdi Abdi Abdile. DIASPEACE working papers; no. 7. -- Jyväskylä, Finland: University of Jyväskylä, 2010. 32 pages in PDF format
  • All working papers
• Djibnet.Com (France)
  Un portail bilingue (français et anglais) avec beaucoup des informations concernant la Corne de l'Afrique (Djibouti, Somalia/Somaliland, Ethiopia, Eritrea), y compris les actualités brèves, les arts, les économies, et les pages personnelles.
• Djibouti Agreement, 2008 (via Hiiraan. (Online))
  
• Elections 2022, 2021 and earlier in Somalia and "Somaliland"
  • Al Jazeera English: "Somalia elects Hassan Sheikh Mohamud as president," May 15, 2022 ; "Somalia set to hold overdue presidential election," May 14, 2022. (Doha, Qatar)
    
  • BBC News: "Hassan Sheikh Mohamud: Who is Somalia's New Leader," May 16, 2022 ; "Somalia's new president elected by 327 people," May 15, 2022. (London, UK)
    
  • Brookings Institution: "Facing elections and a potential US troop withdrawl, risks to Somalia's security abound," November 23, 2020. (Washington, DC)
    
  • International Crisis Group: "Somalia Elections 2020-2021: Lowering the Prospects of Turmoil," December 2, 2020. (Washington, DC)
    
  • Elections in "Somaliland", 2010-2021
    
    • Hiiraan Online/Aljazeera: Somaliland vs. Somalia (June 23, 2010) (via USA and UK)
    • The New Humanitarian (Geneva, Switzerland): "Analysis: 'Somaliland' poll fuels recognition hopes" (June 25, 2010) -and- "Who's who in Somaliland Politics" (September 2009)
    • Somaliland Law: Somaliland Electoral Laws (UK)
    • See also: Online News below
• FAO Aquastat Programme: Somalia, 2005 (Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome)
  A profile of water resources in Somalia. "The 'thirst' for water data is ever increasing and there is indeed considerable demand for data on rural water use from national governments and development agencies. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations initiated an activity in 1993 to meet this demand with particular focus on irrigation. This resulted in the AQUASTAT Programme, the objective of which is to generate rural water use data at country level in a systematic manner."
  
  
• Federal Republic of Somalia -- Agencies and Ministries (Mogadishu)  Since 2012
  
  • Agriculture & Irrigation
    
  • Energy & Water Resources
    
  • Finance
  • Fisheries & Marine Resources
    
  • Foreign Affairs & International Cooperation
  • Health
  • Labour and Social Affairs
    
  • Somalia National Bureau of Statistics
    --See also: United Nations Population Fund below
  • Petroleum & Mineral Resources
    
  • Planning, Investment, and Economic Development
    --See especially: National Development Plan, 2020-2024
  • Office of the Prime Minister
  • For Somaliland (Secessionist Government), see below
  
  
• Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit on Somalia (Nairobi, Kenya)
  The site includes recent data on food security, with maps. "...Began in 1994 [as FSAU] with funding from USAID/OFDA and management by WFP, which was complimented by funding from the EC since 1995. ..currently in its sixth funding phase, it provides a broad range of information...for better decision-making relating to short-term food insecurity and malnutrition, as well as informing development planning..."
• Forced Migration Online -- Research Guide on Somalia (July 2003) (Oxford, UK)
  
• [Secessionist]  Government of "Somaliland" (See "Republic of Somaliland" below)
  
• Harvard University: "The Somali Territories and Somali Diaspora in the Modern World," November 15, 2019 (Cambridge, Massachusetts) --via H-Net, Humanities and Social Sciences Online, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.
  --"Call for Papers": the deadline for abstracts is June 15, 2019.
  
• Hiraal Institute (Mogadishu, Somalia)
  "HI will produce policy ideas and research papers on key security and stability issues that pertain to Somalia and the wider region, with emphasis on Somalia and its neighbors."
  
  
• Human Rights Watch on Somalia (New York)
  • HRW on Somalia: press releases, news, reports, etc.
    
  • "Somalia: Inadequate US Airstrike Investigations." June 16, 2020.
    
  • "'It's Like We're Always in a Prison': Abuses Against Boys Accused of National Security Offenses in Somalia." (February 2018)  95 pages in PDF format
    
  • "'Like Fish in Poisonous Waters': Attacks on Media Freedom in Somalia." (May 2016)  93 pages in PDF format
    
  • "No place for children: child recruitment, forced marriage, and attacks on schools in Somalia" (February 2012) 112 pages in PDF format
  • "'You don't know who to blame': war crimes in Somalia" (August 2011) 61 pages in PDF format
  • "Harsh war, harsh peace: abuses by al-Shabaab, the Transitional Federal Government, and AMISOM in Somalia" (April 19, 2010) 68 pages in PDF format
    
  • "Hostages to Peace: threats to human rights and democracy in Somaliland" (July 2009) 61 pages in PDF format
  • "From horror to hopelessness: Kenya's forgotten Somali refugee crisis" (March 30, 2009) 60 pages in PDF format
  • "So much to fear: war crimes and the devastation of Somalia" (December 8, 2008) 107 pages in PDF format
• Institute for Security Studies -- Somalia (Pretoria, South Africa)
  • "Is Somali piracy finally under control?" April 21, 2022.
    
  • "Somalia needs AMISOM, but the jury is still out," October 26, 2021.
    
  • "Somaliland at the crossroads: protecting a fragile stability," (October 2015) By Simon Allison. East Africa report; issue no. 5. 16 pages in PDF format
  • The political development of Somaliland and its conflict with Puntland (September 2009) By Berouk Mesfin. ISS paper no. 200. 20 pages in PDF format
  • The Somali Conflict: Implications for Peacemaking and Peacekeeping Efforts (September 2009) By Solomon A. Dersso. ISS paper no. 198. 24 pages in PDF format
• Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre: Internally displaced persons in Somalia, 2009-2022 Norwegian Refugee Council (Geneva, Switzerland)
  For each country in the IDP survey, the document collection includes an overall summary, population figures, social indicators, and some analyses.
  -- See especially: Impact of displacement: flood displacement in Beledweyne, Somalia. (October 2021)
  
  -- City of flight: new and secondary displacements in Mogadishu, Somalia. (2018). UnSettlement: Urban displacement in the 21st century ; 10 pages in PDF format.
• International Crisis Group on Somalia and "Somaliland" (Crisisweb, ICG, Washington, DC; Brussels, Belgium)
  
  "The ICG is a private, multinational organisation committed to strengthening the capacity of the international community to understand and respond to impending crises. ICG's approach is grounded in field research ... and advocacy."
  -- "Building on Somaliland's Successful Elections" (August 12, 2021)  Africa briefing ; 12 pages in PDF format
  -- "Somalia-Somaliland: A Halting Embrace of Dialogue." (August 6, 2020) Commentary
  
  -- "Somalia-Somaliland: The Perils of Delaying New Talks" (July 12, 2019) Africa report ; 27 pages in PDF format
  -- "Somaliland: The Strains of Success" (October 5, 2015) Africa briefing ; 23 pages in PDF format
  -- "Somalia: Al-Shabaab--It Will Be a Long War" (June 2014) Policy briefing ; 24 pages in PDF format
  
• The International Monetary Fund: "Somalia" Country Info (Washington, DC)
  Summaries, full length reports, and recent news. Note: Some documents are in PDF format, requiring  Adobe Acrobat.
• International Peace Institute on Somalia (New York)
  • "The Battle at El Adde: The Kenya Defence Forces, al-Shabaab, and Unanswered Questions." (July 2016) By Paul D. Williams. 12 pages in PDF format
  • "The Surge to Stabilize: Lessons for the UN from the AU's Experience in Somalia." (May 2016) By Walter Lotze & Paul D. Williams. 28 pages in PDF format
• Interpeace on Somali Region (Geneva, Switzerland)
  This site features publications on Somali region peacebuilding efforts between 2006 and 2012. "We were created by the United Nations in 1994. We became an independent organization in 2000 while maintaining a unique partnership with the UN. As a result, we operate either as an independent NGO or as a UN initiative. Interpeace is headquartered in Geneva (Switzerland) and has offices in Brussels (Belgium), Guatemala City (Guatemala), Nairobi (Kenya) and New York (USA)."
• National Civic Forum (Nairobi, Kenya)
  "...an independent, non-partisan organization founded by a cohort of Somali scholars and professionals who met on September 20–24, 2004 in Nairobi, Kenya. NCF's mission is to generate and disseminate creative ideas that may assist the Somali people in the establishment of a democratic political order, durable peace, justice, rule of law and sustainable development."
  --See also: National Civic Forum Charter (September 2004) -- via Macalester College, Digital Commons, St. Paul, Minnesota
  --Plus: "National Civic Forum Commemorates 50th Anniversary of Somali Independence," July 4, 2010, Hiiraan (Online)
  
• Norwegian Institute for Urban and Regional Research -- Somalia and the Horn of Africa (Oslo, Norway)
  • Piracy in the greater Gulf of Aden (2009)
  • The Muslim Brotherhood in the Wider Horn of Africa (2009)
  • The role of decentralisation on peace making and conflict management processes (2006)
  • All NIBR Publications
• Online News
  
  • Al Jazeera (Doha, Qatar): Somalia (2021-2023)
    
  • AllAfrica.Com: Recent News Summaries on Somalia and "Somaliland" (AllAfrica Global Media, Washington, DC)
    News summaries in English based on reports from the Pan African News Agency (PANA), United Nations's IRIN, and other sources. Warning: free access restricted to the last 30 days; subscription required to view archives.
  • BBC News (British Broadcasting Corporation, London, UK)
    • Somalia -- Current and recent news
      
    • "Somaliland" -- Current and recent news
      
    • Somalia Country Profile (2023)
    • "Somali defector: Why I left al-Shabaab." (May 20, 2015)...and related reports on "Somalia--Failed State"
      
    • "Somali election of Hassan Sheikh a 'great step'" (September 11, 2012) and other recent reports on Somalia and Somaliland
    • "Voters defy Islamist threats in Somaliland" (June 26, 2010)
      
    • "Islamists break Somali port truce" (Oct 21, 2009) ; Somalia in crisis, 2006 to early 2009
    • "Behind Somalia's Islamist rivalry." (Oct 1, 2009); "Somalia's President Ahmed." (Feb 3, 2009)
    • Fleeing Somali refugees stranded, April 3, 2007 ; AU fails to secure Somali force...Jan 31, 2007 ; US (and Ethiopia) in southern Somalia...Jan 10, 2007
    • "Somalia: Who Supports Who?"...Dec 28, 2006
      -- News from Mogadishu...Dec 29, 2006
  • Garowe Online (USA)
    A bilingual news portal for a global audience: GaroweOnline.Com is the online sister publication of Radio Garowe, a community radio station based in Garowe, the State capital of Puntland, a self-governing region in northern Somalia.
  • Goobjoog news (Mogadishu, Somalia)
    In English or Somali: "Goobjoog News is an independent privately owned news portal based in Mogadishu. We do in-depth coverage of developments in Somalia, the larger Horn of Africa and the globe."
  • Hadalsame Media (Mogadishu, Somalia)
    Since May 2018, current news in Somali and recent news in English translation.
  • Hargeisa Press (Hargeisa, "Somaliland")  Somali and English language news
    
  • HaatufOnline (Hargeisa, "Somaliland")  Since 2020, Somali, English, and Arabic language news
    
  • Hiiraan Online: news and information for Somalia (via USA and UK)
    A news and cultural portal in English and in Somali for the Somali diaspora, with current news dispatches and editorials; plus links to BBC, VOA, and Somali radio, online newspapers, Somali music downloads, and other Somali-related web sites.
    -- "Agreement between the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia and the Alliance for the Re-Liberation of Somalia" (Djibouti, June 9, 2008) Unofficial copy.
  • Horn Observer : Horn of Africa News & Information Hub (Mogadishu)
    "[Launched in August 2015]...an independent, non-for-profit and voluntary [English language] news portal covering the Horn of Africa and the world, focusing on Somalia."
  • Horseed Media--English (Hargeisa, "Somaliland")
    "Archives for Somali news in English" from "Somaliland"
    --See also: Somali
  • The New Humanitarian on Somalia Formerly IRIN News (Geneva, Switzerland)
  • Somaliland today.  (Hargeisa, "Somaliland")  Since 2014; in Somali
    
  • SunaTimes. (Online)  (Mogadishu, Somalia)  English language news since 2009
    
  • Wardheernews.Com (USA)
    A portal for news commentary and opinion forum in English and Somali aimed at the Somali diaspora in North America, with selected current news, commentaries, independent reports, cultural essays, online excerpts from fiction, poetry, and autobiographical accounts by Somali authors, and related links.
  
  
• Oxfam in Somalia and "Somaliland" (Oxfam in the Horn of Africa, East and Central Africa, Nairobi, Kenya)
  
  • Gender Gap Assessment : South Central Somalia and Puntland (2020)
  • Eastern Somaliland Gender and Protection Briefing Note. (December 2019)
  • Oxfam Urban Programming: Somalia Country Brief. (November 2019)
  • Oxfam in Somalia and Somaliland Quarterly Newsletter. (April 2019)
  • Drought, displacement and livelihoods in Somalia and Somaliland. (June 2018)
    
  
  
• The Pirates of Somalia: Ending the Threat , Rebuilding the Nation -- Washington, DC: The World Bank, 2013. 216 pages in PDF format 
  --See also: The World Bank on Somalia (below)
  
• Progressio on "Somaliland" formerly Catholic Institute for International Relations (London, UK)
  Progressio is "an international development charity working for justice and the eradication of poverty" through community-based organisations, with programmes on: civil society participation, HIV and AIDS, and sustainable environment.
  --See especially: Political settlement in Somaliland: A gendered perspective (2017)
  --Plus: Report by International Observers on the 2016 Voter Registration Process in Somaliland (2017)
  
  
  
• Refugees International on Somalia (Washington, DC)
  • Refugees International on Somalia (Current news)
    
  • "Durable solutions in Somalia: moving from policies to practice for IDPs in Mogadishu." (December 2019) Field report ; 24 pages in PDF format
    
  • "Refugees return from Kenya to Somalia..." (November 2016) Field report; 12 pages in PDF format.
  • "When push comes to shove: displaced Somalis under threat." (November 2013) Field report
  • "Gatekeepers and evictions: Somalia's displaced population at risk." (November 2012) Field report
  • "Somali refugess: ongoing crisis, new realities." (March 2012) Field report
    
  
  
• "Republic of Somaliland" Official Website  (Hargeisa, Somaliland) Secessionist Government
  
  • Constitution of the Republic of Somaliland (June 2000; Referendum, May 2001) -- via Somaliland Law
    --See also: 2001 Constitution, via ACE Electoral Knowledge Network
  • "Somaliland" Government Portal  (English, Somali, and Arabic)
    
  • "Somaliland" House of Representatives = Golaha Wakiilada Somaliland  Since 1993
  
  
• Rift Valley Institute (Nairobi, Kenya; London, UK)
  • Hosts and Guests: A Historical Interpretation of Land Conflicts in Southern and Central Somalia. (2015) By Lee Cassanelli. Rift Valley Institute research paper; no. 2 ; 42 pages in PDF format
  • Between Somaliland and Puntland: Marginalization, Militarization, and Conflicting Visions. (2015) By Markus Virgil Hoehne 180 pages in PDF format
  • All RVI Publications
• Sahan (Nairobi, Kenya)
  "...a think tank dedicated to promoting peace, stability, and development. With offices in Somalia, Kenya, and the UK, its primary focus is the Horn of Africa, East Africa and the Middle East."
  --See especially: Publications
  
  
• SORADI--Social Research and Development Institute (Hargeisa, Somaliland)
  • "...aiming at fostering culture of democracy and sustainable development in Somaliland and in the Horn of Africa Region."
  • ISG Papers
  • Reports
• Social Science Research Council -- Crisis in the Horn of Africa (SSRC Africa Program, New York)
  SSRC news analysis forum on Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti and Sudan.
• Somali Bantu Association of America (San Diego, California)
• The Somali Bantu: their history and culture (2003) by Dan Van Lehman and Omar Eno.-- Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics, 2003. 40 pages in PDF format; via Hartford Public Library, Connecticut.
• The Somali Community in the Port of London Port Cities, UK: London (London, UK)  --via The Internet Archive
  
  A very brief, popular introduction to the history of Somalia and of Somalis in London, with a few illustrations and photos.
• Somali Language on the Internet
  • Online News in Somali (see above)
  • Somali Corpus (2015) Red Sea Cultural Foundation (Dr. Jama Musse Jama, Oriental University of Naples, Italy; Hargeysa, Somaliland)
    --Somali Corpus: state of the art, and tools for linguistic analysis. (2016) 8 pages in PDF format
• Somali Studies for Educators (Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio)
  "The site grew out of a 2009 teachers’ workshop held in Columbus, Ohio...offers many resources, including selected video clips from the workshop. These clips are organized into themes: identity, arts, family, education, language, and global cross-currents."
• Somali Studies International Association: 2018 SSIA 13th Congress and 40th SSIA Anniversary, July 23-25, 2018, University of Hargeisa, Somaliland
  
  
• Somaliland Law (United Kingdom)
  An independent web site--frequently updated-- offering information about the Laws of Somaliland, including the 2001 Constitution (2005 English translation with annotations), and related links.
  --See also: "Research Guide to the Somaliland Legal System" (May/June 2020) by Mohamoud Hussein Farah, via GlobaLex, Hauser Global Law School Program, New York University, New York
• SONSAF--Somaliland Non-State Actors Forum (Hargeisa)
  "SONSAF was established in 2008 to ensure that the voices of ordinary Somalilanders are heard by governments and other international institutions who are responsible for policy in Somaliland."
  
  
• SWALIM--Somalia Water and Land Information Management System (Nairobi, Kenya)
  The site provides selected data on rainfall, land use, and water resources. "By producing baseline information, assessing natural resources, searching for existing information sources around the world, SWALIM is recovering as much of lost data as possible."
• United Kingdom: Somalia Conference 2013, May 7th, London (via GOV.UK)
  The Governments of the UK and Somalia will co-host an international conference on Somalia on 7 May in the UK. The conference aims to provide international support for the Government of Somalia as they rebuild their country after two decades of conflict."
• United Nations on Somalia
  • UNSOM--UN Assistance Mission in Somalia, 2013--
    --See also: UNPOS--UN Political Office for Somalia (2009-2013)
  • UN News on Somalia (New York)
    
  • Somalia Joint Needs Assessment--Documentation and Data Centre (2007-2009) (United Nations and World Bank Coordination Secretariat, Nairobi, Kenya)
    
  • United Nations Development Programme on Somalia (New York)
    • UNDP on Somalia
    • Cash and compassion: the role of the Somali diaspora in relief, development, and
      peace-building. (Dec. 2011)
      By Laura Hammond ...[et al.]. -- New York: UNDP, 2011. 120 pages in PDF format --via School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, UK.
  • UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA)
    
    • ReliefWeb on Somalia
      Links to current or breaking news stories. The reports are compiled and archived by UN agencies, Agence France Presse, and other news services.
  • UN High Commissioner for Refugees on Somalia (Geneva, Switzerland)
    • UNHCR Country Operations in Somalia (2022)
    • East and Horn of Africa and the Great Lakes (2023)
      
    • East and Horn of Africa region (2020)
    • Refworld WRITENET Papers on "Somalia" (2000-2009)
  • UN Peacekeeping Operations in Somalia, 1993-1995 (Unofficial)
    
    -  UNOSOM I: UN Operation in Somali I, April 1992-March 1993
    -  UNOSOM II: UN Operation in Somali II, March 1993-March 1995
  • UN Population Fund on Somalia
    --See especially: Somalia Health and Demographic Survey 2020 462 pages in PDF format
  
  
• United States Agencies on Somalia (Washington, DC)
  • United States Mission to Somalia
  • United States Agency for International Development (USAID) on Somalia
    • USAID on Somalia -- Country Information
      
    • USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse (General)
      Search the entire USAID database for downloadable (in PDF) reports on projects and studies on Ethiopia.
    • USAID--Famine Early Warning System Network (FEWS NET) (General)
      Information on the Horn of Africa, Sahel--West Africa, & Southern Africa.
    • FEWS NET on Somalia
      Current news and analysis of the rainfall and food security situation in Somalia -- read online or download as a PDF files; plus links to other FEWS NET resources.
      -- See also: SWALIM--Somalia Water and Land Information Management above.
  • United States. Census Bureau. Foreign Trade Statistics:
    --  US-Somalia Trade Balance, 1992--
  • United States. Central Intelligence Agency. World Factbook: Somalia (2023)
    
  • United States. Department of State on "Somalia"
    • "Somalia" Country Report on Human Rights Practices: 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022
      --Search by country for years: 1996-1999 -and- 1999-2015
    • "Somalia" Country Report on International Religious Freedom: 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022
      --Search by country for years: 2001-2015
      --Plus: 1999 | 2000
  • Somalia: a country study. (Online) Area handbook. (Washington, DC: Library of Congress; US Department of the Army, 1993)
    The electronic version of the handbook, with chapters on history, geography, economy, government, society & culture, and bibliography.
  
  
• United States Institute of Peace on Somalia (Washington, DC)
  • "Somalia’s Critical Transition Comes amid al-Shabab and Hunger Challenges." June 1, 2022.
    
  • "Somalia Seeks Best Possible Elections, More Security Aid." April 21, 2016.
    
  • Counting the costs of Somali piracy (June 2009) by Raymond Gilpin. USIP working papers
  • How to Respond to Somalia's Current Crisis (August 2006) by David Smock. USIP Briefings
  • Terrorism in the Horn of Africa. (January 2004) USIP Special Report
  • Somalia: Ten Years Later (March 2004) by Erica Johnston and Michael Southwick. USIP Briefings
  • Removing the barricades in Somalia: options for peace and rehabilitation (October 1998) by Hussein Adam, Richard Ford ...[et al.]
  
  
• Universities in Somalia and "Somaliland"
  • Amoud University (Borama, Awdal, "Somaliland")
  • Burao University (Burao, "Somaliland")
  • Indian Ocean University, Mogadishu
  • Puntland State University (Garowe, "Puntland")
  • University of Hargeisa, "Somaliland"
  • University of Somalia (Mogadishu)
  
  
• Woodrow Wilson Center International Center for Scholars (Washington, DC)
  • Search for "Somalia" at the Wilson Center
    
  • Hybridization of Security Sector Governance for Peace-Building and State-Building in Somalia (August 2014) By Daniel G. Kebede. -- Washington, DC: WWC, 2014. Africa program brief; no. 8 ; 9 pages in PDF format
  • "Somalia: A Country in Peril, A Policy Nightmare." (September 3, 2008) Wilson Center On Demand
    A videotaped panel discussion at the Wilson Center, with Ken Menkhaus, Professor of Political Science at Davidson College; Chris Albin-Lackey, Senior Researcher in the Africa Division of Human Rights Watch; and Harun M. Hassan, a Somali journalist and writer based in Washington.
• The World Bank on Somalia (Washington, DC)
  • The World Bank in Somalia, 2010--
    Country brief, news, and related links.
  • "Ending Somali Piracy: Go After the System, Not Just the Pirates," April 11, 2013: press releases, executive summary and the full-length report on "The Pirates of Somalia," and fact sheets.